Article

Mobilizing Landscapes: Integrating Transportation Networks in Recreational Planning and Protected Area Governance

Daniel Etim Jacob ORCID , Imaobong Daniel Jacob ORCID , Koko Sunday Daniel ORCID , Angela Ngozi Okeke ORCID , Gideon Efiakedoho ORCID
    Received: 13 February 2026 | Revised: 1 May 2026 | Accepted: 8 May 2026 | Published Online: 15 May 2026

    Abstract

    As global visitation to PAs (Protected Areas) nears record highs, the Island Model of car-centric governance has become a primary culprit of ecological degradation and social marginalization. This review follows changes in transportation in PAs from early scenic drive glimpses in the aesthetics of nature, through the overwhelmed shock of COVID and over-tourism, to coauthoring a new management approach, the Socio-Ecological Mobility Structure (SEMF). Envisioned as a revolution in protected area governance, the SEMF aims to reconceptualize protected areas not as isolated sanctuaries but rather as dynamic nodes within regional socio-ecological transportation networks. Combining three key concepts from Green Transit Corridors, Soft Mobility Networks, and Digital Governance, the SEMF promises a new scalable strategy to meet the Dual Mandate of public access and resource protection. In this paper, we discuss the technical needs and governance interventions needed to transition toward Infrastructure Dematerialization, as exemplified by the use of the Mobility Health Index (MHI) to inform visitor flow management. By comparing remote and urban fringe protected area dynamics, we show that solving the Last Mile Problem and achieving Mobility Justice are part of ecological necessity, not altruism, and decoupling visitation from the environment by a Decoupling Coefficient (D), to supply the intuition, data, and analytics, will be essential to 21st-century conservation. Because of this, we conclude that maintaining the wildland urban interface in the future depends upon the reconceptualization of transportation from an added logistical burden to an elegant means of fostering ecological and social resilience.

    Keywords

    Dual Mandate, Green Transit Corridors, Infrastructure Dematerialization, Mobility Justice, Protected Area Governance, Recreation Ecology, Smart Mobility, Socio-Ecological Mobility Framework (SEMF)

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