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2026 Vol.3 No.1

Open Access Review

Ecotoxicity of Petrogenic Plastic Particles in Fish: Implication for Human Health and Environmental Risk Assessment

Bwala Mathias Nzitiri, Gaya Abalis Ezra, Nayaya Ahmad Jibrin, Buba Toma

January 2026: 1-16 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.700

389 (Abstract) 232 (Download) PDF

Petrogenic plastics might fragment within the ecosystems into progressively smaller fragments classified by size as “macroplastics”, “mesoplastics”, “microplastics”, and “nanoplastics”. Petrogenic micro and nano plastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in the ecosystems and form as a result of the ageing or the action of prevailing bio-environmental factors on the plastic materials or direct release of MNPs... more
Open Access Review

Over-the-Counter Drugs: Misuse and Safety Implications

Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz

January 2026: 17-41 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.780

1159 (Abstract) 689 (Download) PDF

Although over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are regarded as relatively safe and effective for self-treatment, their growing prevalence and accessibility raise concerns about misuse, addiction, and adverse health consequences. This narrative review provides a current overview of OTC drugs with misuse potential and their associated safety implications. OTC drugs commonly misused include sedative antihista... more
Open Access Review

Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products in Diabetic Retinopathy through Aldose Reductase Inhibition

Deokho Lee, Livio Vitiello

January 2026: 42-50 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.846

288 (Abstract) 269 (Download) PDF

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most dangerous and cruel microvascular complications of diabetes, leading to visual impairment and blindness if left untreated. The development of DR is determined by complex multiple pathologic mechanisms, including oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, retinal vascular dysfunction, and retinal neuronal damage. Aldose reductase (AR) activation in the poly... more
Open Access Review

Bioactive Compounds of Capsicum Species and Their Therapeutic Properties: A Comprehensive Review

Behzad Mohammadi

January 2026: 51-63 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.838

1023 (Abstract) 529 (Download) PDF

Hot peppers, belonging to the Capsicum genus, are cultivated worldwide not only as spices and vegetables but also as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. These plants contain a wide range of biologically active molecules, including capsaicinoids, capsinoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and peptides. Such compounds have attracted increasing scientif... more
Open Access Article

Comparison of the Loading of Lactoferrin Extracted from Camel Milk on Pectin and Chitosan Nanoparticles

Saeid Zibaee, Somayeh Deljoo Aval, Shiva Soleimani, Nilofar Shakibapour

January 2026: 64-76 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.943

425 (Abstract) 305 (Download) PDF

Lactoferrin is a bioactive ingredient that is sensitive to environmental stresses and needs the use of microencapsulation, notwithstanding all the biological activities and effects it exerts. Pectin is a polysaccharide that acts as an anion for ion–ion interactions. Chitosan is a biodegradable and nontoxic material. In this study, lactoferrin was extracted and purified, pectin and chitosan nanopar... more
Open Access Review

Food Packaging Materials: Risks of Contamination

Nabila Bouhadi, Lilya Boudriche, Nora Ghaliaoui, Ouahiba Nait Abderrahmane

January 2026: 77-87 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.892

684 (Abstract) 418 (Download) PDF

Food packaging performs multiple essential functions: it protects, preserves, contains, markets, stores, and facilitates the transport of food products. Throughout the food supply chain, packaging plays a critical role in maintaining food quality, safety, and shelf life. Growing consumer expectations and evolving market trends have contributed to the emergence of increasingly advanced and innovati... more
Open Access Review

Biochemical and Microbiological Safety Risks in Salted Fish Products: A Review

Mario Nosić

January 2026: 88-102 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.1082

806 (Abstract) 345 (Download) PDF

Salting is one of the most widely used fish processing methods, although fish prepared in such a way is exposed to many biochemical changes. There is still insufficient information on the mechanisms of reactions that occur during salting, so the process is still conducted on an experimental basis. Sodium chloride (NaCl) reduces water activity values and consequently has an antimicrobial effect on ... more
Open Access Article

Barrel Medic Bloom Extract: A Natural Aid against Breast Cancer

Raghad Salman Mouhamad

January 2026: 103-113 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.935

212 (Abstract) 185 (Download) PDF

Breast cancer continues to be the foremost cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. Medicago truncatula (Barrel medic) is acknowledged as a herbaceous plant possessing significant therapeutic and anticancer properties. The investigation examined the cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts prepared by heating extraction, tested on human breast cancer cells (MC... more
Open Access Article

Toxic Plant Metabolites, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Poisoning Mechanisms, Health Risks, and Analytical Method Development for Detecting Toxicants in Food

Saurabh Dilip Bhandare, Sarika Shivaji Malode

January 2026: 114-146 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.1019

914 (Abstract) 259 (Download) PDF

This study presents a novel robust titrimetric analysis method for detection and quantification of cyanide in food samples artificially spiked with cyanogenic compounds derived from bamboo and cassava species. The titration approach demonstrated a strong linear correlation between cyanide concentration and the volume of titrant required for complete neutralisation. Cyanogenic glycosides are natura... more
Open Access Article

Molecular Identification of Organisms from Bread Mold

Glory Mendie Donatus, Sobomate Chuku, Keayiabarido Jude, Miracle Uzoma, Emmanuel Bakpo, Aroloye Numbere

January 2026: 147-161 DOI: 10.55121/fds.v3i1.877

338 (Abstract) 297 (Download) PDF

The study focused on the molecular identification of organisms associated with bread mold with the aim of isolating, characterizing, and accurately identifying fungal contaminants responsible for bread spoilage. One gram (1 g) of a contaminated bread sample was serially diluted and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). The pure isolates were coded as GBMF1, GMBF2, GBMF3, and GBMF4, and incubated... more

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