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2025 Vol.2 No.2

Open Access Article

Topic Management in Chinese L2 Natural Conversations

Yiyuan Hou, Shuangyun Yao

December 2025: 1–25 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.461

600 (Abstract) 395 (Download) PDF

Topic management plays a crucial role in the smooth and coherent flow of natural conversations, particularly in second language (L2) interactions where learners must navigate not only linguistic forms but also complex interactional structures. This study examines the interactional practices and sequential structures deployed by Chinese L2 learners across three proficiency levels to initiate, devel... more
Open Access Article

A Comparative Lexical Usage Analysis between Paul Éluard and Ahmad Shamlou’s Fresh Air: An Inquire into Sensory and Abstract Lexis

Zohreh Sakian, Mohammad Taheri

December 2025: 26–40 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.596

407 (Abstract) 176 (Download) PDF

Analysis of the vocabulary preferences of a writer provides remarkable evidence for their ideology, aesthetic awareness, and stylistic uniqueness. The current article compares lexical preference, with emphasis on sensory and abstract nouns, in the writings of the French Surrealist poet Paul Éluard and the modern Persian poet Ahmad Shamlou. The main body of work by Shamlou is Fresh Air (Havā-ye Tāz... more
Open Access Article

Pragmatic Analysis of Discourse Markers in Imran Khan’s English Speeches

Tayyiba Naz, Abdul Malik Abbasi, Dua Bushra

December 2025: 41–51 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.666

1024 (Abstract) 437 (Download) PDF

This study investigates the strategic use of discourse markers (DMs) in Imran Khan’s political speeches through a pragmatic lens, aiming to uncover how language functions to construct ideological narratives. The study utilized a qualitative discourse-pragmatic approach to analyse ten speeches by one of the political leaders from 2013 to 2022, chosen for their structure, rhetoric, scope, and subjec... more
Open Access Article

Phonological Diversity in Sindhi Dialects: A Comparative Analysis of Lari, Utraadi and Vicholi Sindhi

Muhammad Qasim, Ghulam Murtaza, Raiz Ahmed Mangrio

December 2025: 52–64 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.716

693 (Abstract) 986 (Download) PDF

Phonological variations among dialects of a language serve as a significant indicator of linguistic diversity and socio-cultural evolution. This study investigates the phonological differences among three primary Sindhi dialects—Lari, Vicholi, and Utraadi through a qualitative and comparative linguistic analysis. To capture the richness and complexity of phonological variations, the study employed... more
Open Access Article

Investigation into the Acquisition of Pakistani English Adjective Sequence by ESL Learners: A Pilot Study

Laila Ali Mir, Abdul Malik Abbasi

December 2025: 65–74 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.667

739 (Abstract) 309 (Download) PDF

This study investigated the impact of first language (L1) transfer on learning English adjective order among Urdu ESL learners. In English, adjective order is rigid, typically in the sequence opinion, size, age, shape, colour, origin, material, and purpose, i.e., a white lovely German car or a beautiful big wooden table. Therefore, languages like Urdu follow different rules of adjective order. The... more
Open Access Article

Self-Reported and Family Members’ Perceptions of Language Strengths in Autistic Individuals: A Qualitative Study in Finland

Grace Joplin Ferreira, Mari Wiklund, Henri Pesonen

December 2025: 75–90 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.764

801 (Abstract) 368 (Download) PDF

Traditionally, language research on Autism has centred on deficits and difficulties, with much of the literature emphasizing what autistic individuals cannot do rather than identifying the full spectrum of their linguistic strengths and diverse communication styles. Despite recent growing awareness, the wide range of linguistic abilities in autistic individuals remains scarcely documented, leaving... more
Open Access Article

Linguistic Deviances as Stylistic Resources in the Nigerian Music Industry: A Semiotic Analysis of Adeleke’s “Funds” and Apata’s “Hustle”

Peter Oyewole Makinde, Precious Chinasa Onyenwe

December 2025: 91–108 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.768

528 (Abstract) 508 (Download) PDF

This study examined linguistic deviances (LDs) as stylistic resources in the Nigerian music industry, through a semiotic analysis of Adeleke’s “Funds” and Apata’s “Hustle”. Linguistic deviance, a hallmark of creative language use in artistic expression, is explored here as a deliberate semiotic act that encodes cultural, ideological, and socio-economic meanings within the contemporary Nigerian pop... more
Open Access Article

A Socio-Semantic Analysis of Selected Anthroponyms in the Mambwe Language

Moses Musonda, Kennedy N. Kangwa, Pethias Siame

December 2025: 109–120 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.249

840 (Abstract) 414 (Download) PDF

Names serve as fundamental markers of human identity, encapsulating a wealth of socio-cultural information. This study presents a socio-semantic analysis of selected Mambwe anthroponyms from the Mbala district in Zambia's Northern Province. Employing a qualitative methodology with purposive and snowball sampling, data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions wit... more
Open Access Article

The Status Quo of Language and Gender in the Urban Informal Economic Spaces in Zambia

Pethias Siame, Raphael Prince Akeem Chisenga

December 2025: 121–132 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.910

243 (Abstract) 476 (Download) PDF

The informal economy has become a lifeline for urban populations in Zambia, particularly in cities like Lusaka and Ndola. The growth is a direct response to widespread economic hardships and significant rural-urban migration. Within this vibrant sector, the intersection of language and gender remains a critically understudied area. Prevailing language policies often reflect colonial legacies, marg... more
Open Access Article

Sound Patterns in the Compound Words in Runyamigongo Dialect of Runyambo

Lea Mpobela

December 2025: 133–151 DOI: 10.55121/le.v2i2.741

275 (Abstract) 194 (Download) PDF

This paper presents the phonological alterations involved in the formation of compound words in the Runyambo language. Runyambo is a Bantu language spoken in the northwestern part of Tanzania. Compounding is a rich morphological process that has been reported in different languages of the world. Despite the extensive body of research on compounding in other languages, there is little to no literat... more

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